Freight Market Update: February 1, 2024

Trends to Watch

[Air – Global](Data Source: WorldACD)

  • January’s worldwide air cargo demand showed a significant increase compared to last year. This rise in demand was seen across all main global regions except for ex-North America traffic.
  • Due to disruptions in the Red Sea, some cargo owners are moving Asia-Europe cargo from sea to air or sea-air (e.g. air to ocean conversions). This shift, combined with the effects of the later Lunar New Year in 2024 (February 10) and typical mid-January seasonal trends, contribute to the increase in air cargo demand.
  • Despite major disruptions in international container shipping and a tripling of ocean freight spot rates from Asia to Europe, global air cargo rates remain relatively stable. However, ex-Asia Pacific air cargo rates had already risen in late 2023 due to seasonal and product-related demand factors.
  • Forwarders are preparing for challenges in the next few weeks, including port delays and cargo build-up in Europe, as the booking window for air freight is closing ahead of the Lunar New Year. This situation may lead to increased reliance on air cargo.
  • Comparing weeks 2 and 3 of 2024 with the same period last year, there’s a 6% increase in overall global demand, with notable increases from the Middle East and South Asia, Africa, and Asia Pacific. Average worldwide rates are 22% lower than last year but remain above pre-COVID levels. Air cargo capacity has also seen a significant year-over-year increase.

[Indian Subcontinent to North America – Ocean]

  • Ocean freight rates continue to increase into the first half of February as Red Sea disruptions show no sign of mitigation. Vessels that were delayed getting to their destination, and then back to origin, due to diversions around the Cape of Good Hope have created capacity shortages. This short-term disruption is expected to be more challenging, while we expect some normalization in the longer term.
  • Container deficits are carrier-specific, but recently there has been an increase in equipment issues being reported across many major wet ports and inland container depots.
  • There are several service updates to report, including MSC’s removals of INDUSA (India → USEC) service which is resulting in a capacity crunch on their remaining INDUS EXPRESS service. MSC has also removed the direct Karachi, Pakistan port call which had just been rolled out in late December. OOCL/COSCO removed AWES/ISE service (Mundra → BOS/NY/ORF) due to operational cost increases from Cape of Good Hope diversions. By removing this service there is no longer a direct connection from India to Boston.

[TAWB – Ocean]

  • Demand remains stable with no peak expected to occur in February. Carriers are still managing capacity based on the latest Red Sea developments. We expect capacity to be down by an average of 15-20%.
  • Rates are expected to increase in February as several Red Sea-related surcharges go into effect on February 1. Indexes are expected to show the same in the next couple of weeks.
  • The equipment situation in Europe is tightening (mainly in Germany and various locations in Eastern Europe). This is a direct consequence of transit time increases caused by the Red Sea situation.
  • On-time performance decreased from 72% in July 2023 to 50% in December 2023 (based on Sea Intelligence data). This is quite normal during winter months as it is mainly caused by weather-related issues.

[FEWB – Ocean]

  • The Red Sea crisis continues to impact freight market development. Vessels traveling back to Asia continue to face delays. Moreover, carriers have started announcing a lack of equipment availability ports ex-South China and some outports in Asia. Shippers should remain flexible and accept container substitutions to avoid further delays. Demand remains flat for the second half of February as the Lunar New Year approaches. As a result, carriers are adjusting rates to cater to fresh cargo from the first half of February and to prepare for roll pool to fill vessels in the second half of February, despite massive void plans (weeks 8 and 9 are expected to see a 30% decrease on average). To mitigate the disruption of operational challenges (sailing schedule adjustments, vessel downsizes, equipment shortages, rollover, etc.), shippers should explore premium services offered by liners with higher costs. This approach will help guarantee space and equipment and shorten delays.
  • In other news, although the German rail strikes ended on January 29, there’s now a protest by German farmers blocking access to key ports which is impacting road transportation and imports/exports.
  • Following North Europe, MED floating rates remain on the higher side despite trending slightly lower from week 6 onwards to fill up ships before the Lunar New Year. Additionally, roll pool preparation is now expected to take place in the second half of February onwards due to weak demand and holidays in Asia.

North America Vessel Dwell Times

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This Week In News

Congested Ports Choking the Supply Chain
In January 2024, the ports of Los Angeles and Long Beach faced increased congestion, threatening the U.S. economy. The ITS Logistics U.S. Port/Rail Ramp Freight Index reveals a surge in trans-Pacific volumes due to restocking for the Lunar New Year, combined with rerouted shipments avoiding the Suez Canal crisis.

Not All Shipowners Able to Trade EUAs, Despite EU ETS Already in Effect
The implementation of the EU Emission Trading System (ETS) this month poses challenges for shipowners, with many not yet prepared for the new emission regulations. Shipowners under the EU ETS are required to pay for EU allowances (EUAs) corresponding to their ships’ carbon emissions at EU ports, underscoring the need for emissions data verification to ensure the accuracy of annual reporting.

FTR Shippers Conditions Index Hits Highest Level Since June
The Shippers Conditions Index (SCI), an indicator reflecting market influences on the transport environment for shippers, reached a solid reading of 6.3 for November, according to freight transportation consultancy FTR. The SCI, which considers readings above zero as favorable for shippers, showed the most favorable market conditions since June 2023, driven by a decrease in diesel prices.

Source from Flexport.com

Freight Market Update: January 24, 2024

Trends to Watch

  • [Air – Global] Air cargo volumes are rebounding in early 2024, surpassing previous years’ trends. Global air cargo tonnages witnessed a strong recovery in the second week of January 2024, rising by 24% compared to the previous week, countering the typical end-of-year slowdown. This rebound is notably more pronounced than the same period in the previous year, with a marked increase in cargo from Asia Pacific and Middle East & South Asia to Europe, potentially influenced by shipping disruptions in the Red Sea. Despite an overall 7% decrease in global tonnages compared to the preceding two weeks, Middle East & South Asia saw a 2% rise, while major intercontinental lanes experienced significant declines. Year-on-year data shows a global increase in demand by 2%, with a notable 6% surge ex-Asia Pacific, despite lower rates that remain 24% below the levels from the same time last year but 31% above pre-COVID levels. The increase in tonnages to Europe from Asia Pacific and Middle East & South Asia did not lead to higher average prices, indicating a complex interplay between demand, capacity, and pricing in the global air cargo market.
  • [FEWB – Ocean] Asia-North Europe: The Red Sea Crisis continuously impacts freight market developments. Rates remain on the higher side. Over the past few weeks, demand has been strong and with Lunar New Year approaching, a slowdown in demand in Asia has ocean carriers reducing freight rates. Two more void plans announced by carriers led WK08/09 capacity to be cut by more than 25% on average. As a result of vessels rerouting via the Cape of Good Hope, vessels and containers face longer transit times. Expect a shortage of empty containers in Asia in the coming weeks, especially outports. To mitigate the disruption of operational challenges (sailing schedule adjustment, vessel downsized, equipment shortages, rollover, etc.), shippers can explore premium services offered by liners with higher cost to get guaranteed space and equipment and to shorten delays. German Rail Strike: There’s another strike on the German railway infrastructure of DB InfraGO AG. From January 23, 2024 6:00 PM CET to January 29, 2024, the entire traffic on the German infrastructure will be affected. The end of the strike is announced for January 29, 2024, at 6:00 PM CET. Please stay close to the situation and plan delivery if any. Asia-Med: Following North Europe, MED floating rates remained on the higher side. Rates started trending slightly lower in WK04 in a push to get more cargo to fill up ships before Lunar New Year and also rollpool preparation for WK07 onwards due to the weak demand and holidays in Asia.

North America Vessel Dwell Times

 

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This Week In News

West Coast To Experience Increased Transpacific Volumes
The ITS Logistics US Port/Rail Ramp Freight Index reports increased transpacific volumes on the U.S. West Coast due to the seasonal Lunar New Year restock and the potential for congestion at East Coast ports. As more freight is routed to the West Coast, congestion is expected at rail ramps across the U.S., affecting long-term contracted rates and capacity during the ocean carrier contract season.

U.S.-bound Imports Are Up In December And Down For All Of 2023, Reports S&P Global
Containerized freight imports to the United States experienced growth in December 2023 for the fourth consecutive month, with a 9% increase reaching 2.2 million TEU (Twenty-Foot Equivalent Units). This marks a recovery after 14 months of annual declines. S&P Global Intelligence noted widespread growth in various sectors in December.

Cargo Theft Spiked Over 57% In 2023 Vs. 2022, New Data Shows
Cargo theft incidents in 2023 increased by more than 57% compared to the previous year, reaching an unprecedented level, according to CargoNet. The total reported cargo theft amounted to nearly $130 million, but the actual figure is likely higher due to the non-mandatory nature of reporting.

Source from Flexport.com

Freight Market Update: January 17, 2024

Trends to Watch

  • [TAWB – Ocean] Market demand has remained relatively stable in January with no spikes expected until March at the earliest. While the total vessel filling factor is still not at 100%, it has slightly increased as a direct result of the winter blank sailing program and some carrier capacity cuts. Overall capacity remains high despite an anticipated 20% decrease on average for January and February due to blank sailings. We expect carriers to pull more capacity in the coming weeks to help with the Red Sea situation. We’ve already seen members of the Ocean Alliance and 2M (Maersk and MSC) doing this. As a direct impact of the Red Sea situation, rates for vessels traveling on Transatlantic routes have started to increase, and are expected to increase further in February when most carriers announce GRI/PSS and emergency surcharges. In other news, equipment shortages have started to impact Austria and some areas of South Germany as reported by a few shipping lines. The full impact is likely to be seen at later stages and will also depend on the outcome of the current German railway situation.
  • [FEWB – Ocean] Asia-North Europe: Market demand is moving up for the second half of January and all ships are filling up, will roll pool by carriers in progress for the coming weeks. Week 3 spot rates slightly increased due to the Lunar New Year rush and week 4 spot rates are stabilizing at high pre-Lunar New Year levels. As the Red Sea crisis continues, it’s now estimated for a vessel to take 2-4 weeks (round trip) depending on the destination. As a direct impact, Ocean Alliance and 2M announced 15+ void plans for February with more to be expected from THE Alliance soon. Equipment shortages can be expected in the coming weeks if the situation remains the same. German Strike: The strike ended on January 12 but no agreement was reached. We expect there will be another round of strikes as a result. No immediate impact is expected. Gemini Cooperation: Maersk and Hapag Lloyd announced an official cooperation agreement that will start in January 2025. More to follow on the actions of additional carriers.
  • [MED Trade] Following North Europe, MED spot rates for the second half of January are increasing in week 3. Week 4 spot rates are expected to be slightly lower as carriers are pushing cargo to fill up ships before the Lunar New Year.
  • [U.S. Exports] As the Red Sea situation continues, U.S. exporters shipping globally can expect equipment shortages due to mislocated containers. We highly recommend booking shipments 4+ weeks in advance to ensure Expected Quantity (EQ) can be secured.
  • [Air – Global] The first week of 2024 saw a continued decline in worldwide air cargo tonnages, following a typical slump in the latter half of December. Preliminary data for week one shows a 6% week-over-week drop in global air cargo tonnages, with significant declines noted particularly in shipments from the Asia Pacific to North America and the Middle East & South Asia, and within the Asia Pacific region. This year’s decline in tonnages during the first week contrasts with the stability observed in the same period of 2023, potentially influenced by the inclusion of January 1, a holiday, in this year’s week one calculation. On a two-week comparison basis, the total tonnage for the last two weeks of 2023 and the first week of 2024 was down 28%, with average rates dropping by 5% and capacity decreasing by 8%. Despite these declines, global tonnages for the same period were around 3% higher year-over-year, with worldwide average rates currently 19% below last year’s levels but still 30% above pre-COVID levels, according to World ACD.

North America Vessel Dwell Times

 

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This Week In News

Container Shortage Starts To Bite, Adding to Pressure on Costs
Global container shortages are causing disruptions in shipping, particularly in the Red Sea region, leading to re-routings, delays, and cancellations. Despite earlier predictions, the industry is feeling the impact, with difficulties in obtaining 40ft high-cube and 20ft General Purpose containers in major Chinese ports. Forwarders are reporting similar issues, with concerns about higher costs arising from these shortages, especially in China, indicating potential turbulent times in 2024 for the outbound leg from Asia to Europe.

Shifts in Chinese Exports Show Ties With U.S. Economy Fraying
In a notable shift, China exported more goods to Southeast Asia than to the United States last year, indicating a change in global trade patterns amid strained economic relations. Data from China’s General Administration of Customs reveals that the 10 ASEAN nations purchased $524 billion of goods, surpassing the $500 billion sold to the US. While this suggests a gradual separation between China and the U.S., the situation is complex. Chinese exports to Mexico increased by over 5%, potentially to avoid U.S. tariffs. Exports to Thailand and Vietnam also declined less than in other regions, reflecting the trend of shipping goods there for finishing and re-export.

Port Houston Cargo Volumes Dip 15% YoY in November
In November, Port Houston experienced a 15% year-over-year decline in cargo volumes to 297,622 total TEUs, although empties decreased by 34%. Compared to the previous month, cargo processing dropped by 19%, but there was a 21% increase in total containers processed compared to pre-pandemic levels. Despite these changes, Port Houston welcomed the CMA CGM Lisa Marie, one of its largest vessels with a capacity of nearly 11,000 TEUs. The port is strategically planning for growth, expanding the Houston Ship Channel to accommodate larger vessels and increasing wharf and yard capacity at container terminals to support regional growth.

Source from Flexport.com

Freight Market Update: January 10, 2024

Trends to Watch

  • [FEWB – Ocean] Asia-North Europe: Market demand is increasing in January and all ships are filling up. Spot rates for the second half of January are expected to continue to increase due to the Lunar New Year rush and the Red Sea threat. Transit times for vessels rerouting around the Cape of Good Hope are currently 2-4 weeks (round trip) depending on the ship’s final destination. Hence, there will be more blank sailings expected in February coupled with a spot rate level similar to January, as equipment shortages can be expected. In other news, German railways will face a strike again from January 10 through January 12. The strike of the Trade Union of German Locomotive Drivers GDL is planned as follows:
    • GDL members at Deutsche Bahn AG, Transdev, and City Bahn Chemnitz have been asked to stop work from January 10, 2024 at 2 AM to January 12, 2024 at 6 PM. The work suspension at DB Cargo begins on January 9, 2024 at 6 PM.
    • Most rail carriers and their drivers are not organized in the GDL, but as the infrastructure is also affected, consequences are not known at this stage, but interruptions are to be expected. We also anticipate there will be an additional Demurrage / Detention charge incurred between January 10 and January 12, affecting deliveries in weeks 3-4 (if the strike does not extend beyond January 12). However, if the strike goes further, larger interruptions (and affected areas) can be expected.
  • [MED Trade – Ocean] Following North Europe, MED spot rates for the second half of January are climbing up due to similar reasons as North Europe trade.

Please reach out to your account representative for details on any impacts to your shipments.

 

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This Week In News

The Red Sea Attacks Are Throwing Supply Chains Into Chaos — But U.S. Oil Exports Appear To Be Benefiting From Them
The situation in the Red Sea has resulted in a notable increase in U.S. petroleum exports, rising by 35% on-week to nearly 5.3 million barrels a day for the week ending December 29, according to the U.S. Energy Information Administration. Analysts anticipate that U.S. petroleum exports will continue to surpass 5 million barrels a day amid escalating geopolitical tensions in the region. The U.S., leading a multinational effort to protect shipping lanes in the Red Sea, is positioned as a safer and cheaper alternative for oil buyers compared to the Middle East.

NY Fed Says Global Supply Chain Pressures Eased in December
The Federal Reserve Bank of New York reported a cooling of supply chain pressures in December, with its Global Supply Chain Pressure index dropping to -0.15 from November’s 0.13. The negative reading indicates below-normal supply chain pressures, potentially contributing to decreased inflation pressures. Despite supply chain issues being a key factor in the inflation surge during the early stages of the pandemic, the Fed has seen a decline since December 2021. However, recent challenges in shipping routes, geopolitical factors, and a reversal in supply chain pressure indicators, including increased air and shipping freight costs, raise concerns about potential future disruptions.

Extreme Weather Tops List of Possible Logistics Disruptions in 2024 Forecast
According to Everstream Analytics’ “2024 Supply Chain Risk Report,” wild weather events are predicted to be the primary disruptor for logistics in 2024, with the “Era of Extremes” exacerbating the impact of hurricanes, winter storms, wildfires, and floods on supply chains. The report also identifies five other looming threats: increased administrative burdens and costs due to environmental regulations, trade war tensions between the U.S. and China affecting semiconductor sourcing, rising geopolitical instability centered around Taiwan, commodity shortages driven by various factors including extreme weather and protectionism, and the persistent risk of cybercrime, particularly ransomware and data breaches, continuing to threaten supply chains in 2024.

Source from Flexport.com

Maersk temporarily pauses Red Sea routings after new attacks

Maersk on Sunday said it would pause any further transits through the Red Sea for at least 48 hours after one of its container ships was attacked twice within 24 hours by Houthi rebels who do not appear deterred by the presence of a multinational naval force meant to restore security in the region.

 

The second attack against the Maersk Hangzhou this weekend represented an escalation in hostilities as Houthis used small boats to get within 65 feet of the 14,000-TEU vessel in an attempt to board the ship, which Maersk said was not damaged by missiles fired by the attackers. Until Sunday, the Iran-backed Houthis have attacked ships by firing missiles and launching drones from southern Yemen.

 

“Maersk can…confirm that after the initial attack on the vessel, four boats approached the vessel and engaged fire in an expected attempt to board the vessel,” the carrier said in a statement Sunday. “A helicopter was deployed from a nearby navy vessel, and in collaboration with the vessel’s security team, the boarding attempt was successfully repelled.

 

“In light of the incident – and to allow time to investigate the details of the incident and assess the security situation further – it has been decided to delay all transits through the area until 2nd January,” Maersk added.

Maersk said the vessel, bound for Port Suez after initially departing Singapore, was continuing its sailing northbound.

 

Responding to the 23rd attack on a commercial ship since Nov. 19, US Navy helicopters sank three of the four small vessels involved, killing the crews, the US Central Command said Sunday.

 

The attacks against the Maersk Hangzhou came one week after the carrier, responding to the creation of the naval task force, said it would resume some sailings through the Red Sea and Suez Canal once operationally possible. But Maersk warned in its Dec. 24 announcement that its resumption of Suez transits could change if the security situation deteriorated further.

 

Naval escorts not a sufficient deterrent yet 

 

It was not immediately known what effect the Maersk attacks would have on other carriers, namely Cosco and CMA CGM, that had also been sending some of their ships through the Suez. At first blush, it is likely to send even more capacity diverting around the Cape of Good Hope in southern Africa.

 

At the very least for ocean carriers, it means that a protection regime has not materialized that guarantees freedom of navigation through the Bab al-Mandab strait and eliminates or significantly reduces the risk of attack in the area. No organized system of naval escorts or convoys has come into existence, nor have land-based threats been eliminated or seriously confronted. Rather, senior ocean carrier executives tell the Journal of Commerce, the Operational Prosperity Guardian coalition is relying on deterrence created by its physical presence and its ability, for the most part successfully thus far, to intercept air-based weapons to keep the Suez route open to at least some shipping traffic.

 

But it’s clearly not enough, illustrating the difficulties the US is facing in balancing its desires to protect freedom of navigation while seeking to avoid escalating the Israeli-Hamas war into a full-blown regional conflict. As long as broader US goals conflict with those of protecting shipping and an effective protective regime fails to materialize, ships will continue to be diverted around the much longer Cape of Good Hope route, disrupting supply chains.

 

Geopolitical analysts warn that the patrols can help shield vessels, but the Houthi rebels are well-placed to keep up attacks via relatively cheap drones and missile attacks from the shore of southern Yemen. S&P analysts and container lines carriers tell the Journal of Commerce that earlier suspicions that rebels were targeting vessels tied to Israel were incorrect, putting any ships – regardless of shipowner — in danger.

 

“If the Houthis keep up the pace of attacks and have a steady supply of drones and missiles (which seems likely), the cost of maintaining a naval escort operation — including the costs of operating the ships at distance — will rapidly rise into the tens of billions of dollars,” Bruce Jones, a geopolitical analyst and TPM23 speaker, wrote in Foreign Policy.

 

Rates, meanwhile, are spiraling upwards. Spots rates for North Asia to Europe have more than doubled over the past week, from $1,900 per FEU to $4,500 per FEU as of Dec. 28, according to Platts, a sister company of the Journal of Commerce within S&P Global. Rates to Mediterranean ports have jumped to $5,000 per FEU from $2,300 a week ago.

 

Hapag-Lloyd and Mediterranean Shipping Co., both of which have seen their ships attacked, say they’ll keep diverting cargo around the Cape of Good Hope. Ocean Network Express is continuing to reroute as well. One of the major ocean carriers said it on-hired 150,000 containers to offset the absorption of container equipment tied up in the longer sailings around the Cape of Good Hope.

 

“It’s unfortunate to have to admit, but this sea lane is not safe for our seafarers,” Bud Darr, executive vice president of maritime policy and government affairs at MSC Group, wrote on LinkedIn on Thursday. “I genuinely hope the military operators and diplomats can change that very soon, but for now, no seafarers should have to endure what ours did during this extensive attack (Tuesday).”

 

CMA CGM is also diverting some, but not all, of its ships around Africa.

 

Carriers weighing options 

 

Container lines are adjusting networks to the longer transits, with MSC tightening up so-called free time for containers and Cosco offering to route East Coast cargo through the West Coast via rail.  The moves by MSC and Cosco join a host of rate increases going into effect in January as ocean carriers seek to recover the higher operating costs for the longer voyage around the Cape of Good Hope.

 

Seeing the risk of equipment shortages, MSC will reduce free time for containers in North America from 10 to seven days starting Jan. 1, according to a notice from an Asia-based freight consolidator. The move is in effect through the first half of January. Other ocean carriers generally offer 10 days of free time.

 

A US-based agent for the consolidator said that the reduction in free time increases the risk that shippers will have to pay detention charges on a container. Some shippers have negotiated free time of up to 15 days, the source said.

“Most big retailers need 10 days out free,” the agent said.

 

James Caradonna, vice president at MCL-Multi Container Line, told the Journal of Commerce that the transit around the African cape means that it will take longer to return empty containers to Asia, setting the stage for further delays due to equipment imbalances.

 

MSC “foresees equipment shortages in light of the extended transits stemming from the issues in the Red Sea,” Caradonna said. “The fact that they are a huge player on the Asia-Europe trade means they will likely encounter container shortages in Asia at some point in the coming month.”

 

Cosco, meanwhile, will offer moves to the US East Coast from Chinese load ports via intermodal service from the West Coast, according to a notice from the company, which said it is looking to price the service at $7,600 per FEU.

 

Source from JOC.com

Overcapacity, larger ships mean challenges for carriers, pain for shippers

It is an irony of container shipping, well established over the course of decades, that actions available to carriers to protect their profitability almost always accrue to the disadvantage of their customers. And yet carriers take the action anyway.

 

It’s looking like that will be no different in 2024.

 

The year 2023 completed the extreme up and down arc of most metrics in this market — but not all. Rates, carrier profits and port congestion all normalized. “Vessels and cargo arriving, departing and shifting around the ports of [Los Angeles and Long Beach] continue to move normally with no labor delays,” Kip Louttit, executive director of the Marine Exchange of Southern California, said on Dec. 9.

 

That’s a far cry from two years ago when over 100 container ships waited outside the ports for a berth and trans-Pacific spot rates were over $10,000 per FEU.

 

But even with ports clear of congestion, service reliability remains an outlier, not having reverted to pre-COVID levels. And because of overcapacity and carriers’ aggressive response, it will likely not return to normal levels in 2024. That will put pressure on those shippers who were hoping to return to the days of low-cost leaner inventories, especially amid higher interest rates, based on supply chains premised on predictable ocean transit times.

 

Unfortunately for shippers, that is nowhere in the picture. Global container ship scheduled reliability stood at 64.4% in October, up from 51.8% a year earlier and approximately 35% in 2021. But the October figure was still 15 percentage points below 2019 levels, and with no sign of improvement since May, according to Sea-Intelligence Maritime Analysis.

 

New vessels worsen overcapacity 

 

To manage the impact of overcapacity, now a reality for the next two to five years depending on who you ask, carriers are pulling out all the stops to absorb capacity. They have many tools at their disposal, whether it’s blank sailings, spontaneously adding port calls, further slow steaming, laying up ships or taking longer routes. While all that will combine to help carriers weather a rough patch of unfavorable supply-demand economics, it undermines schedule integrity and any semblance of service reliability.

 

“These oversupplied conditions are expected to persist for the next three to four years, primarily driven by the influx of newly ordered vessels entering the market,” said Christian Sur, executive vice president of Unique Logistics.

 

The pain doesn’t end there. As new and larger ships hit the water, the trend is toward larger tonnage being deployed on key trade lanes. Several sources have commented to the Journal of Commerce on the growing evidence of mega-ship concentration at the larger ports.

 

“Larger container ships and liner network optimization will accelerate concentration of cargo on to fewer ships calling gateway ports,” said Griff Lynch, executive director of the Georgia Ports Authority.

 

“We expect the frequency of larger container vessel calls to continue to increase as shipping lines work to decrease their carbon intensity,” said Capt. Allan Gray, president and CEO of the Halifax Port Authority. “The larger, newer vessels are more efficient, which means carbon intensity per container is lower.”

 

Those ships drive down CO2 per container and help carriers achieve more favorable treatment under the International Maritime Organization’s (IMO’s) Carbon Intensity Index (CII) efficiency rules, while positively impacting shippers’ Scope 3 emissions. For shippers, it still means what big ships have always meant: benefits that roll up more to the carrier than to themselves.

 

The reality of larger ships 

 

Big ships mean longer port calls, surges at ports, more time needed to get containers unloaded and made available to consignees, more cargo concentrated on fewer ships, and fewer port calls. That transfers the pressure to ports and port ecosystems to effectively manage regular surges.

 

“Larger ships generally mean higher box exchanges,” said Dean Davidson, head of maritime advisory at Infrata. “Loaded Asian imports will remain the dominant activity at major US and Canadian ports and pressure will remain on these gateways to get the containers moved onto the next leg of the supply chain, whether its trucking, rail, transloading or onward distribution.”

 

The risks are further compounded by the potential clash of pared-back capacity set against the possibility of a surprise acceleration in cargo growth, which is rarely, if ever, predicted. Also hovering is the ever-present potential for another unpleasant shock, whether from geopolitics, severe weather, a public health crisis, a cyberattack or some other menace yet to be identified.

 

“Despite the unprecedented level of turmoil experienced in overcoming challenges over the past several years, it is only the warning shot for what is to be the most industrywide disruptions still to come,” said Cosco Shipping Lines Executive Vice President Paul Nazzaro.

This all rolls up to an environment of heightened risk for shippers as 2024 begins.

 

Source from JOC.com

Freight Market Update: December 13, 2023

Trends to Watch

  • [Air – Global] Global air cargo tonnages have rebounded faster than in 2022 following the Thanksgiving holiday in the U.S., with a notable increase in tonnages and global average rates. Particularly, rates ex-Asia Pacific continue to rise strongly, especially trade lanes to North America and Europe. Year-on-year, global cargo volumes are up, driven primarily by a significant increase ex-Asia Pacific, while available capacity has also substantially increased across various regions compared to 2022. Despite a year-on-year decrease in worldwide average rates, they are still considerably higher than pre-COVID levels, reflecting ongoing strong demand and a market recovery in the air cargo industry.
  • [FEWB – Ocean] Market demand is moving up in December and ships are filling up. As the rate gap between long-term deals and the spot market is widening, the long-term deal space was largely impacted by the carriers due to serious bleeding over the past few months. Thus, a significant peak season surcharge is expected before the Lunar New Year. Blank sailings in December are less than 10% per week (excluding the service suspension of FE5 by The Alliance that impacts the Southeast Asia export). We expect rates to continue climbing as we approach the second half of December and there is a high likelihood that another wave of GRIs effective first of January will reflect the pre-Lunar New Year rush demand. In other news, the Antwerp operation was partially impacted due to last week’s strike (roughly 49 ships were impacted as a result), which has already resumed full operation this week. Plus, ONE Orpheus (FP1 service calling Asia-NEUR at the moment) struck a bridge during its transition in the Suez Canal. The inspection has finished and the vessel is currently at the shipping yard for temporary repair. MED trade: Following North Europe, MED GRI is also thriving in December supported by the strong demand. However, space is very tight at the moment as we observe a cargo rush before the Lunar New Year. As in North Europe, there is a high likelihood that another wave of GRI effective first of January will reflect the pre-Lunar New Year rush demand. Similarly, the EU Emissions Trading System is going to apply effective the first of January, but so far we don’t see any mitigation of this surcharge by carriers.

Please reach out to your account representative for details on any impacts to your shipments.

North America Vessel Dwell Times

This Week In News

Supply Chain Coalition Presses Background Check Reform
A coalition of supply chain stakeholders, including the American Trucking Associations (ATA), is urging Congress to quickly pass the Transportation Security Screening Modernization Act. The legislation aims to eliminate redundant background security checks for essential workers such as truck drivers, creating a streamlined, one-stop process for obtaining credentials like the Transportation Worker Identification Credential, Hazardous Materials Endorsement, and TSA PreCheck. Approximately 140 signatories, representing various sectors, argue that subjecting workers to duplicate checks for different credentials from the same agency is inefficient and burdensome.

Carriers Pushing Rate Hikes Ahead of New Year Service Suspensions
To improve rates on the Asia-Europe trade route, Hapag-Lloyd and CMA CGM have increased their FAK rates for 40ft containers from Asia to North Europe to $3,000 starting January 1, 2024. Despite this, the Drewry WCI Asia-North Europe rate remains at $1,343 per 40ft. Hapag-Lloyd’s rate for West Mediterranean ports will be $3,200, $200 higher than CMA CGM’s proposal. Other carriers are expected to follow suit.

The Logistics Sector Was Weak in November, but That’s Not Necessarily Bad News
The latest Logistics Managers’ Index reveals a weakened state of the shipping industry in November, with the index experiencing its most significant fall since April 2022. Unlike the concerns around excess inventory last year, the current weakness is less alarming as it stems from reduced inventory levels due to heightened consumer buying during events like Thanksgiving, Cyber Monday, and Black Friday. Experts suggest that as supply chains stabilize, retailers are maintaining leaner shelves, contributing to lower warehousing storage costs. The emphasis is now on improving efficiency in the logistics sector through investments in technologies like electric delivery vehicles and artificial intelligence for enhanced inventory management, rather than expanding inventory levels.

 

Source from Flexport.com

Freight Market Update: December 6, 2023

Trends To Watch

  • [U.S. Exports – Ocean] Routing changes are happening related to the bypassing of the Panama Canal for some key services from USEC/U.S. Gulf to Asia.
  • [TAWB – Ocean] The pandemic introduced a level shift in favor of MED-USEC when it comes to the total port-pair connections, while not having any negative impact on the total distinct connections. New Orleans, for example, is completely cut off from direct Europe services, while Saint John is heavily introduced as a direct port call. Spot rates continue to be under pressure and are now heavily below the 2019 levels. Weak demand and over-capacity continue to impact the sustainability of this trade. From now until the end of the year, there will be more blank sailings introduced in the market; average capacity will decrease on average by 25-40% between WK52 and WK2 2024. The expectation is for some rate action to be taken by carriers to alleviate the pressure. In other news, the Panama Canal situation will have an impact on Transatlantic routes to West Coast ports but at a much smaller scale compared to Trans-Pacific. At the moment only two shipping lines have announced a Panama Canal surcharge even though the current vessel delay is only 1-2 days on top of published proforma transit time.
  • [FEWB – Ocean] GRI Implementation: With freight costs remaining on the lower side, liners are implementing General Rate Increases (GRI) to push up the rate even when there’s no significant cargo rush or general capacity issue; For the first half of December, liners are trying to push up the rate by $300-500/FEU, and another $400-600/FEU for the second half of December; Prior to Christmas and the New Year holidays, we’re expecting there might be a slight cargo rush for some specific commodities, and it’s also the last chance for Liners to hold the rate into 2024. Capacity/Deployment adjustment: With the THEA FE5 services suspension, the carrier CMA-CGM in Ocean Alliance also adjusted their FAL1/FAL3, taking out Cai Mep and some port rotation aiming to expedite the first calling port ETA as well as maximizing capacity via other POL; 16-18% capacity was cut as a result. With all the changes, for South East Asia (especially Vietnam and Thailand), capacity is getting tight, but compared to the export volume in 2023, the impact is limited. We foresee it will cease soon in a couple of weeks and eventually get back to normal. If there is no significant demand increase, we may see more last-minute blank sailings announced, especially prior to/post-Lunar New Year.
  • [Air Freight – Global] In week 47 of 2023, worldwide air cargo experienced a 3% decrease in tonnages and a 2% increase in global average rates compared to the previous week, with a less severe Thanksgiving-related decline in North America than last year. Tonnages and rates varied regionally, with notable decreases from North America to Europe and Asia Pacific, and increases from ex-Africa to Europe and ex-Europe to Central and South America. Year-over-year, global volumes are 2% higher, with significant increases in capacity from several regions (particularly Asia Pacific) and decreases in tonnages from North America and Europe. Despite current average rates being 21% lower than last year, they remain 42% above pre-COVID levels.

Please reach out to your account representative for details on any impacts to your shipments.

North America Vessel Dwell Times

The Week In News

Atlanta Becomes Casualty of Imports Returning to West Coast
Over the past year, Atlanta’s share of the total U.S. freight market volume has decreased by more than 11%, while the Ontario, California, market has seen a recovery of over 14% in its outbound trucking market share. Supply chain shifts and a cost-effective transportation market are key factors driving this trend. During the pandemic, overwhelmed West Coast port and rail infrastructure led importers to divert shipments to Eastern ports. However, recent challenges, including drought affecting the Panama Canal and Middle East conflicts disrupting the Suez Canal, are prompting importers to return to the Los Angeles and Long Beach port complex.

OOCL Box Ship in Red Sea Hit by Rocket Fired From a Drone
Container vessels in the Red Sea region face increased risks following an attack on an OOCL ship by a Houthi drone. The 4,250 TEU Number 9 issued a distress call after being hit by a rocket near the Yemen coast, resulting in engine damage and water ingress. Houthi rebels ordered the vessel to dock at the port of Hodeidah, where another captured ship is reportedly held, but the damaged engine prevented a change of course. The vessel, part of the Ocean Alliance’s Asia-Mediterranean service, continues its schedule despite the incident.

Manufacturing Down Again in November Amid Low Orders: PMI
Manufacturing orders in the U.S. remained soft in November, according to the Institute for Supply Management’s Purchasing Managers’ Index (ISM), which held steady at 46.7%, indicating economic contraction. The ISM Manufacturing Business Survey Committee noted that the industry is in a “low-end” trough with depleted inventories and expects it to remain subdued, especially in terms of new orders. S&P Global’s PMI index was slightly more positive at 49.4, down from October’s 50.0, attributing the decline to weak demand and low stock levels.

 

Source from Flexport.com

Freight Market Update: November 29, 2023

Trends To Watch

  • [U.S. Exports – Rail] Inland Rail Ramps are having less and less equipment available due to a lack of imports into the midwest. It’s recommended to book 2-3 weeks prior to the Cargo Ready Date (CRD) to ensure a smooth loading and booking experience.
  • [ISC – Ocean] November rate levels have been extended through the end of December. Although capacity is constrained due to blank sailings to the U.S. East Coast and high utilization to the U.S. West Coast, market volume remains soft. The expectation is that these rate and volume levels will carry over into Q1 which is India’s traditional peak season. In other news, Q1 supply and demand functions will likely lead to increased rates. There are no major operational issues in the Indian Subcontinent, but we are monitoring the situation in the Middle East and how that may affect shipments moving through the Suez Canal. As of now, there is no impact on ISC cargo moving west via the Suez.
  • [TPEB – Panama Canal] Continued drought conditions are causing more restrictions on vessel transits. There are 32 transits a day, down from a normal of 36, and the canal is planning to incrementally reduce that number week over week to a projected 18 per day by February 1. While container traffic has not been impacted to date, further reductions will begin to cause impacts. Carriers are assessing the possibility of adding vessels to their via Suez services or redirecting their via Panama services. Carriers are also enforcing weight restrictions of 8 tonnes on average for containers moving via the canal. Moving via Panama is still the fastest route to the U.S. East Coast. Alternative routings are via Suez services, or via the U.S. West Coast with rail.

Please reach out to your account representative for details on any impacts to your shipments.

North America Vessel Dwell Times

The Week In News

Biden Will Convene His New Supply Chain Council and Announce 30 Steps To Strengthen U.S. Logistics
President Biden hosted the first meeting of his supply chain resilience council on Monday, November 27, where he announced 30 new measures aimed at enhancing access to medicine, economic data, and other programs related to the production and transportation of goods. The initiative, led by the White House National Economic Council, seeks to address supply chain challenges that contributed to heightened inflation during the U.S. post-pandemic recovery in 2021. The actions include improving the federal government’s ability to monitor and assess risks to supply chains through the sharing of data among agencies via new tools from the Commerce Department in partnership with the Energy Department on the supply of renewable energy resources.

Record Online Shopping Fuels Another Massive Black Friday
Holiday shopping on Black Friday generated a record $9.8 billion in eCommerce sales in the U.S., up 7.5% from last year, with $5.3 billion of that total (or 79% of all shopping traffic, including browsing+buying) coming from mobile devices. More American consumers have turned to buy now, pay later tools to extend their holiday budgets, up 47% from last year for a total of $79 million––a sign of resilience in the post-Covid economy for the fintech sector. Analysts expect eCommerce sales to continue through Cyber Monday, with an estimated $12 billion in sales, a 5.4% increase over last year.

‘Stay Cautious’ Warning to Carriers After Suspected Drone Attack on Box Ship
Israel-linked ships are facing increased risks in the Red Sea as targets for Iran-linked factions amid the ongoing conflict in Gaza. Over the weekend, three vessels tied to Israel experienced incidents: a suspected drone attack targeted the CMA CGM Symi, a container ship owned by Israeli billionaire Idan Ofer; a Zodiac Maritime tanker was reportedly boarded by Houthi rebels and diverted to Hodeida, and Iranian warships demanded a Japanese bulk carrier change course. The incidents highlight escalating tensions in the region and pose challenges for shipping companies operating in the area.

‘Dire’ Scenario for Shipping Lines More Likely as Spot Rates Fall Back
As the global composite of Drewry’s World Container Index (DCI) fell 6% in the past week, next year’s container annual contract rates are expected to reset much lower than this year’s, suggesting negative financial effects on liners as shipping lines’ attempts to use general rate increases (GRI) in November to improve their negotiating hand for annual contract resets have failed. If Asia-Europe annual contracts reset in the vicinity of Q4 spot rates starting in January, and if Asia-U.S. contract rates don’t improve—or fall further—when they reset in May, container lines would face steep losses in 2024, particularly as costs are up 25-30% versus pre-COVID levels.

 

Source from Flexport.com

Freight Market Update: November 22, 2023

Trends To Watch

  • [Ocean – TPWB] Rates for December are expected to increase following a heavy blank sailing program implemented by ocean carriers in November. Space is tight on some key services to the US East Coast due to blank sailings, but differentiated services and carriers are available in the market to avoid delay. US West Coast services shared with the TPEB market are seeing a high utilization rate due to a demand increase from China and South East Asia.
  • [FEWB] The market remains flat and capacity will be slightly impacted due to the vessel deployment change, and in some cases suspension, in South East Asia. We expect rates to drop slightly but liners are still planning for a General Rate Increase (GRI) in December (Quantum from $500-700 to $400-600 increment per different carriers per latest update; more to follow). Plus, one more blank sailing was announced by the Ocean Alliance in the past week while THE Alliance (THEA) announced FE5 suspension from week 46 until further notice but added Cai Mep Facilities and Far East – Europe 3 (FE3) service. In other news, CMA-CGM announced taking out Cai Mep on FAL3 from week 48 plus the Winter Program from 2M Alliance (Maersk + MSC). Market capacity will still be down by at least 20% through November, but vessel utilization has improved. If there are any further changes, carriers will announce more void plans to support the rate increment and so far no further capacity cut announced so assuming the GRI will not hold plus the holidays are approaching.
  • [MED trade] Following North Europe, MED GRI started with a $700-800 increment and the same action will be applied for December. No further void plan has been announced for MED, but utilization is not as ideal as liners expected. Freight of All Kinds (FAK) rates may drop further in the second half of November, and we expect a cargo rush prior to the December GRI being implemented in the last week of November. Same as EUR trade, December GRI may not hold.
  • [Air – TPEB and FEWB] A surge in holiday demand for consumer goods has led to a critical shortage of capacity for air freight routes from Hong Kong and Vietnam to the US and Europe. The situation has been exacerbated by a series of freighter cancellations in the past week, leading to a tightened market. As a result, spot market prices for air freight have increased dramatically, with a 30% rise in rates from Hong Kong to the US since the beginning of November. Additionally, a severe snowstorm in Anchorage, Alaska, in early November disrupted air traffic, causing delays and cancellations. This has prompted several Asian carriers to place embargoes on new bookings and cancel several flights. Compounding these difficulties, a volcanic eruption near the Kamchatka Peninsula has sent volcanic ash into the atmosphere, leading to further cancellations of eastbound and westbound flights.

Please reach out to your account representative for details on any impacts to your shipments.

North America Vessel Dwell Times

The Week In News

Forwarders Losing Out On The Ecommerce Business Driving Airfreight Demand

The airfreight industry is experiencing a surge in demand, particularly in ecommerce, as rates from China to the US increased by 14% and to Europe by 11% last week. While global airfreight volumes have seen a 4% decline on average this year, Hong Kong Airport’s ground handler, HACTL, only saw a 1.3% drop, attributed to the rise in ecommerce-driven tonnage.

US Washout On Indo-Pacific Trade Deal Opens The Door To China

The Biden administration’s plan for the Indo-Pacific, aimed at countering China, is facing challenges as talks on enforceable trade rules slow down. President Biden and leaders of 13 other countries signed an agreement to cooperate on supply chain issues and made progress on environmental and governance issues. However, concerns arise among allies about the administration’s ability to secure a trade deal due to domestic opposition.

LMI Showing Transportation Market Flip Is Coming

According to the Logistics Managers’ Index (LMI), a domestic transportation market flip is coming, suggesting the equilibrium of supply and demand may be reached soon. The LMI, a diffusion index based on surveys of over 300 supply chain professionals, with values above 50 indicating expansion, showed a recent October price reading of 44.4 (indicating contracting prices, albeit at a slower pace compared with 28 in April) and a capacity value of 56.7 (significantly lower than 71 in May). The past five years have seen transportation markets oscillate between tight and loose conditions, largely attributed to COVID.

Crippling Port Strike Could Hit 1 Month Before Presidential Election

The International Longshoreman’s Association (ILA), which represents 45K East and Gulf Coast dockworkers, warned of the possibility of a coastwide strike in October 2024––just a month before the U.S. presidential election. The strike would coincide with the expiration of the union’s current six-year agreement as it seeks a new contract from the United States Marine Alliance (USMX) that includes prohibitions against terminal automation and tightened language ensuring all work at new terminals goes to ILA members.